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      <h1 class="post-title">C&#43;&#43; 中new和new()的区别</h1>

      <div class="post-meta">
        <span class="post-time"> 2017-03-12 </span>
        <div class="post-category">
            <a href="/categories/c&#43;&#43;/"> C&#43;&#43; </a>
            </div>
          <span class="more-meta"> 约 558 字 </span>
          <span class="more-meta"> 预计阅读 2 分钟 </span>
        
      </div>
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    <div class="post-toc" id="post-toc">
  <h2 class="post-toc-title">文章目录</h2>
  <div class="post-toc-content always-active">
    <nav id="TableOfContents">
  <ul>
    <li>
      <ul>
        <li><a href="#结论">结论</a></li>
        <li><a href="#测试">测试</a></li>
        <li><a href="#验证">验证</a></li>
      </ul>
    </li>
  </ul>
</nav>
  </div>
</div>
    <div class="post-content">
      <h2 id="结论">结论</h2>
<blockquote>
<p><code>new()</code> 调用<strong>无参的构造函数</strong>，<code>new</code> 调用<strong>默认构造函数/唯一构造函数</strong></p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>对于 <strong>有</strong> 构造函数的类，<code>new</code> 和 <code>new()</code> 都调用构造函数进行初始化;</li>
<li>对于 <strong>没有</strong> 构造函数的类，则 <code>new</code> 只分配内存空间，不初始化；<code>new()</code> 分配内存空间且初始化。</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="测试">测试</h2>
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-cpp" data-lang="cpp"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cp">#include</span> <span class="cpf">&lt;iostream&gt;</span><span class="cp">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cp"></span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">testArray</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">testClass</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kt">int</span> <span class="nf">main</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">argc</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">const</span> <span class="kt">char</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">[])</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="c1">// 测试数组
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="n">testArray</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="c1">// 测试类
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="n">testClass</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1">// 以这种方式可以发现 new 和 new ()的不同
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span><span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">testArray</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="c1">// 先初始化一个数组,给每个下标赋值,后面再使用时 new 和 new () 会有不同
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="kt">int</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">pAA</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">];</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">for</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="o">++</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">pAA</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">delete</span><span class="p">[]</span> <span class="n">pAA</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">cout</span> <span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">endl</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="kt">int</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">pBB</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">];</span> <span class="c1">// 不加()
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="k">for</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="o">++</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">cout</span> <span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="n">pBB</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="s">&#34; &#34;</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="c1">// 会出现随机值
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">delete</span><span class="p">[]</span> <span class="n">pBB</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">cout</span> <span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">endl</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="c1">// 换行
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="kt">int</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">pCC</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">]();</span> <span class="c1">// 加了()
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="k">for</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="o">++</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">cout</span> <span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="n">pCC</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="s">&#34; &#34;</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="c1">// 都是0
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">delete</span><span class="p">[]</span> <span class="n">pCC</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">cout</span> <span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">endl</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">A</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">public</span><span class="o">:</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">a</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">};</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">testClass</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">A</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">pp</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">A</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">pp</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">a</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">delete</span> <span class="n">pp</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">A</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">pA1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">A</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="c1">// a可能会是随机值
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">cout</span> <span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="n">pA1</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">a</span> <span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">endl</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="c1">// 11
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">A</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">pA2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">A</span><span class="p">();</span> <span class="c1">// n的值是0
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">cout</span> <span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="n">pA2</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">a</span> <span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">endl</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="c1">// 0
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><h2 id="验证">验证</h2>
<blockquote>
<p>无论是 new 还是 new A() 从汇编看都调用了 operator new(unsigned long) 从堆中分配内存空间;<br>
但是 new() 后面还调用了 memset 函数来初始化内存,而 new 没有.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>new A 和 new A()对应的汇编</p>
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="line"><span class="cl">/** 
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    ...
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">-&gt;  0x1000031ab &lt;+59&gt;:  movl   <span class="nv">$0</span>x4, %edi
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    0x1000031b0 &lt;+64&gt;:  callq  0x100003df6               <span class="p">;</span> symbol stub <span class="k">for</span>: operator new<span class="o">(</span>unsigned long<span class="o">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    ...
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    0x1000031da &lt;+106&gt;: movl   <span class="nv">$0</span>x4, %edi
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    0x1000031df &lt;+111&gt;: callq  0x100003df6               <span class="p">;</span> symbol stub <span class="k">for</span>: operator new<span class="o">(</span>unsigned long<span class="o">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    0x1000031e4 &lt;+116&gt;: movq   %rax, %rdi
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    0x1000031e7 &lt;+119&gt;: xorl   %esi, %esi
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    0x1000031e9 &lt;+121&gt;: movq   %rdi, -0x28<span class="o">(</span>%rbp<span class="o">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    0x1000031ed &lt;+125&gt;: movl   <span class="nv">$0</span>x4, %edx
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    0x1000031f2 &lt;+130&gt;: callq  0x100003e08               <span class="p">;</span> symbol stub <span class="k">for</span>: memset
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    ...
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> */
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
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